Good Writing :: essays papers

Good Writing What is good writing and who writes well? In my college essay writing class we acquit looked at three famous writers from different ages who argon considered to be good writersSeneca the Younger (3-65 A.D.), Plutarch (46-120 A.D.), and Michael de Montaigne (1533-1592 A.D.). Although they are from different times and places, these writers mastered the art of good writing. Albeit they wrote more or less different things, there are three aspects of their writings that they all have in common--they write about a topic that will catch the sake of the show uper, they write clearly, and they are concise.Writing about something that interests your reader is a very important attribute for a writer. In Senecas On Noise he wrote about something that everyone can relate to, that is noise. Everyone has dealt with noise that has distracted and annoyed them, so by writing about it Seneca piques the interest of the reader because they want to see how he deals with and what he has to say about the problem. Plutarchs Consolation to His Wife is of interest to readers because of the intimacy involved between a husband and wife even when traffic with the subject of the death of a child. There is something voyeuristic by nature in human beings, so this story captures ones interest. Montaignes Of a Monstrous Child interests the reader because of the bizarre deformity of the child. Like the interest in what everyone has in common and voyeurism, people are also curious and interested in oddities.To be a well-written piece, a writing moldiness also be clearly and understandably written. Seneca, Plutarch, and Montaigne all write with very good grammar, utilize common words and thoughts to express themselves. In their works these three writers are able to get their points across in a very easy to read fashion. Anyone who has had to try to stumble through a poorly written piece appreciates a work that is clearly written in an understandable manner.An other must for a writer to be considered a good writer is that his or her work be concise. Writings that seem to ramble on endlessly are a bore and torturous to read. Our three writers make good use of the virtue brevity. Seneca wrote what noise he encountered, how he dealt with it, how he thought it should be dealt with, what he was going to do about it, and then ended.

Its Not Hard to Make Decisions When You Know What Your Values Are Essa

Its Not Hard to Make Decisions When You Know What Your Values AreRoy Disney explains that Its not hard to make decisions when you know what your value are. This is an important theme for the characters of Stephen Dedalus from James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and of Frank McCourt from Frank McCourts Angelas Ashes. The two things in liveliness that are supposed to supply stability (parents and the church) have failed, which is why Stephen and Frank discover that only through their own self-reliance will they ever be fit to experience true freedom from the forces that have bound them.Stephens parents let him down by not emotionally supporting him while Franks parents do not physically support him. Right before Stephen dates to go to the university, his beget shouts out to his siblings, Is your lazy bitch of a brother gone out yet? (135). Stephens father shows a lack of respect for his son by calling him lazy and goes on to imply that he is not very masculine. Hi s father belittles him in expect of his family and does not even apologize for his harsh words. Stephens mother also disappoints him as he had watched the faith which was fading down in his soul aging and fortify in her eyes (126). Stephen sees his mother choosing religion over him. His mother decides to trust the Catholic Church rather than her own son, which shows that her support is not toward Stephen. Through his parents lack of emotional support, Stephen must look inside himself for strength.Franks parents support him emotionally, but they do not adequately provide the support he needs physically. Angela hopes Malachy might look at home something from the farm, potatoes, cabbage, turnips, carrots, but hell never bring ... ...m from the church, his nation, and even his family. However, Frank soon breaks away from his family and even claims, If my whole family dropped from the hunger I wouldnt touch this money in the post office (333). The only ticket out of his miserable lif e is to save up money and move to America. Frank is finally able to limit his own welfare above the expectations of his society. It is through the suppression of his individuality that forces Frank to disconnect himself from the bonds of his society.Stephen and Frank are able to gain the courage and strength to leave Ireland and their former lives behind them due to the lack of dependability provided by their parents and the Catholic Church. From the adversity that they must overcome in their lives, Stephen and Frank are both able to achieve true freedom from the limitations that have held them down for so long.

Monty Python and the Holy Grail :: essays research papers

Monty Python and the Holy GrailIn Monty Python and the Holy Grail, logical system is utilize in an unfamiliar way. This logic does not deal with the nature of life, but deals with the more complex forms of logic that require the filling of blanks to make things work out. Although, for the some part certain things did not make sense, but yet they did express logic. They used environmental attributes to make sense of the complexities they had.The first application of logic plunge in the movie was in the first scene with the use of coconuts. They argued about how King Arthur had coconuts here in a moderate climate while coconuts save grow in tropical climates. King Arthurs explanation for this was that a swallow brought it back when migrating. The peasant said that is impossible because a little shuttle cannot carry a coconut while it migrates. Hence with no other possibilities the peasant had concluded that it is impossible to have a coconut in England, which had been brought bac k, from a tropical area from a small migrating bird. This is a perfect example of how the movie breaks down logic and uses the settings environmental attributes and resources. Another example of this uncouth logic is seen with the towns peoples belief of the woman being a witch. The towns people said that she shall be burned for being a witch, but the knight, in his use of logic says that if she is a witch, and must be burned then she is make of wood. The knight goes on to say that if she is made of wood then she must float, and that if she floats she must be the same weight as a duck. So they weigh her and from the magic of movies she weighs the same as the duck, last-place that she is a witch. This shows the irrational logic that is being used in the movie, as well as the use of environment to draw a basis for conclusion. From this they move in at the same conclusion they had in the beginning, that being that the women was a witch.

preparation of isopentyl acetate :: essays research papers

INTRODUCTIONIsopentyl acetate, "banana oil", is a naturally occurring involved that possesses a characteristic odor. It is found in bananas, as well as many other organisms.This experiment attempts to produce isopentyl acetate by heating under reflux, which involves heating the compartmentalization in a flask with a condenser placed vertically in the neck since any escaping vapours condense and run back into the flask, by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and an acid catalyst. The intersection was isolated using a combination of techniques -- acid-base extraction, drying, and distillation -- and was characterized by its boiling temperature and its refractive index.Esterification is a condensation reaction where two molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the simultaneous loss of water. This ester in this experiment is isopentyl acetate formed from acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. The reaction is catalyzed by hydrochloric acid, a Fisher e sterification process, (McMurry, p780-781) but the catalyst affects only the rate of reaction, and not the extent of reaction. The desired product accumulates only if the equilibrium constant is favorable.As it happens, the equilibrium constant for this reaction is rather small (4) (comparing bond energies in the reactants and products will tip you off as to why the equilibrium constant is so small). Therefore, simply mixing equal amounts of the starting reals will convert only about 67% of the starting material into product.To drive the equilibrium forward Le Chateliers principle is used, in this case there are two ways to adjust reagent concentrations to force isopentyl alcohol to fetch isopentyl acetate. One way is to remove product as it forms. The other way is to use a large excess of acetic acid. This experiment is based on the latter approach, but it raises two issues. We can use excess acetic acid only if acetic acid is cheap, and if unreacted acetic acid can be removed ea sily from the product mixture (Organic chemistry lab. Manual, p32). In this lab had to use acid- base extraction process. Since isopentyl acetate is soluble in diethyl ether, but acetic acid is soluble in both solvents. Therefore, a simple extraction procedure would remove only some of the acetic acid from isopentyl acetate, but it would not completely separate the two compounds.An acid-base extraction improves on the simple two-solvent extraction scheme by using acid-base reactions to change acetic acid into another compound with different solubility behavior. Hence, we convert acetic acid into, sodium acetate, and obtain a compound that is soluble in water, but not in diethyl ether.

Vancouver Essay -- British Columbia Canada

LocationVancouver is the largest urban center in British Columbia and the second largest in the Pacific trade unionwest region. It is a coastal city and major seaport located in the trim down Mainland of south western British Columbia, Canada. PopulationThe population of the city of Vancouver is 578,041 and the population of Metro Vancouver is 2,116,581. Vancouver is ethnically diverse, with 52% of city residents and 43% of Metro residents having a prototypal language other than English.With a population of about 600,000 (BC Stats estimate), Vancouver lies in a region of more than 2 million people. Vancouver is the largest city in the province of British Columbia and the third largest in Canada. It covers an electron orbit of 114 sq km.HistoryArchaeological evidence shows that coastal Indians had settled the Vancouver area by 500 B.C. British naval captain George Vancouver explored the area in 1792. Vancouver was founded as a sawmill settlement called Granville in the 1870s. The city was incorporate in 1886 and renamed later Captain Vancouver. Vancouver is named after Captain George Vancouver, a British explorer. The name Vancouver itself originates from the Dutch van Coevorden,Vancouver is also part of the slightly larger Lower Mainland metropolitan area which comprises a total population of 2,285,900. Vancouver was largest urban area. Western Canada was the third largest in the country. denoting somebody from (in Dutch van) Coevorden, an old city in The Netherlands.Vancouver was first settled in the 1860s as a result of immigration caused by the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, particularly from the get together States, although many immigrants did not preserve after the rush. The city developed rapidly from a small lumber mill ... ...Free Zone.AviationLocated in Richmond, Vancouver International Airport (YVR) is the principal planetary airport in western Canada and is the second busiest in the nation. As the premier gateway to Asia, it hosts many ai rlines regional offices and their flights daily to Asia, Europe, and the United States. Vancouver is the closest air-link to Asia, offering the scurrying North American airport with daily flights to the Republic of Koreas Incheon International Airport. Vancouver is also served by the Abbotsford International Airport, fast becoming a reliever to YVR convenient for the eastern suburbs and transborder United States. Operating from Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome on the Downtown waterfront, several floatplane operators support both tourist scenic flights and practical transportation, with abundant operations during daylight hours. Vancouver Essay -- British Columbia CanadaLocationVancouver is the largest city in British Columbia and the second largest in the Pacific Northwest region. It is a coastal city and major seaport located in the Lower Mainland of south western British Columbia, Canada. PopulationThe population of the city of Vancouver is 578,041 and the pop ulation of Metro Vancouver is 2,116,581. Vancouver is ethnically diverse, with 52% of city residents and 43% of Metro residents having a first language other than English.With a population of about 600,000 (BC Stats estimate), Vancouver lies in a region of more than 2 million people. Vancouver is the largest city in the province of British Columbia and the third largest in Canada. It covers an area of 114 sq km.HistoryArchaeological evidence shows that coastal Indians had settled the Vancouver area by 500 B.C. British naval captain George Vancouver explored the area in 1792. Vancouver was founded as a sawmill settlement called Granville in the 1870s. The city was incorporated in 1886 and renamed after Captain Vancouver. Vancouver is named after Captain George Vancouver, a British explorer. The name Vancouver itself originates from the Dutch van Coevorden,Vancouver is also part of the slightly larger Lower Mainland metropolitan area which comprises a total population of 2,285,900. Va ncouver was largest urban area. Western Canada was the third largest in the country. denoting somebody from (in Dutch van) Coevorden, an old city in The Netherlands.Vancouver was first settled in the 1860s as a result of immigration caused by the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, particularly from the United States, although many immigrants did not remain after the rush. The city developed rapidly from a small lumber mill ... ...Free Zone.AviationLocated in Richmond, Vancouver International Airport (YVR) is the principal international airport in western Canada and is the second busiest in the nation. As the premier gateway to Asia, it hosts many airlines regional offices and their flights daily to Asia, Europe, and the United States. Vancouver is the closest air-link to Asia, offering the fastest North American airport with daily flights to the Republic of Koreas Incheon International Airport. Vancouver is also served by the Abbotsford International Airport, fast becoming a reliever to YV R convenient for the eastern suburbs and transborder United States. Operating from Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome on the Downtown waterfront, several floatplane operators support both tourist scenic flights and practical transportation, with extensive operations during daylight hours.

Vancouver Essay -- British Columbia Canada

LocationVancouver is the largest urban center in British Columbia and the second largest in the Pacific sumwest region. It is a coastal city and major seaport located in the write down Mainland of south western British Columbia, Canada. PopulationThe population of the city of Vancouver is 578,041 and the population of Metro Vancouver is 2,116,581. Vancouver is ethnically diverse, with 52% of city residents and 43% of Metro residents having a origin language other than English.With a population of about 600,000 (BC Stats estimate), Vancouver lies in a region of more than than 2 million people. Vancouver is the largest city in the province of British Columbia and the third largest in Canada. It covers an arena of 114 sq km.HistoryArchaeological evidence shows that coastal Indians had settled the Vancouver area by 500 B.C. British naval captain George Vancouver explored the area in 1792. Vancouver was founded as a sawmill settlement called Granville in the 1870s. The city was c o-ordinated in 1886 and renamed subsequently Captain Vancouver. Vancouver is named after Captain George Vancouver, a British explorer. The name Vancouver itself originates from the Dutch van Coevorden,Vancouver is also part of the slightly larger Lower Mainland metropolitan area which comprises a total population of 2,285,900. Vancouver was largest urban area. Western Canada was the third largest in the country. denoting somebody from (in Dutch van) Coevorden, an old city in The Netherlands.Vancouver was first settled in the 1860s as a result of immigration caused by the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, particularly from the unite States, although many immigrants did not anticipate after the rush. The city developed rapidly from a small lumber mill ... ...Free Zone.AviationLocated in Richmond, Vancouver International Airport (YVR) is the principal foreign aerodrome in western Canada and is the second busiest in the nation. As the premier gateway to Asia, it hosts many airlines region al offices and their flights daily to Asia, Europe, and the United States. Vancouver is the closest air-link to Asia, offering the immediate North American airport with daily flights to the Republic of Koreas Incheon International Airport. Vancouver is also served by the Abbotsford International Airport, fast becoming a reliever to YVR convenient for the eastern suburbs and transborder United States. Operating from Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome on the Downtown waterfront, several floatplane operators support both tourist scenic flights and practical transportation, with gigantic trading operations during daylight hours. Vancouver Essay -- British Columbia CanadaLocationVancouver is the largest city in British Columbia and the second largest in the Pacific Northwest region. It is a coastal city and major seaport located in the Lower Mainland of south western British Columbia, Canada. PopulationThe population of the city of Vancouver is 578,041 and the populat ion of Metro Vancouver is 2,116,581. Vancouver is ethnically diverse, with 52% of city residents and 43% of Metro residents having a first language other than English.With a population of about 600,000 (BC Stats estimate), Vancouver lies in a region of more than 2 million people. Vancouver is the largest city in the province of British Columbia and the third largest in Canada. It covers an area of 114 sq km.HistoryArchaeological evidence shows that coastal Indians had settled the Vancouver area by 500 B.C. British naval captain George Vancouver explored the area in 1792. Vancouver was founded as a sawmill settlement called Granville in the 1870s. The city was incorporated in 1886 and renamed after Captain Vancouver. Vancouver is named after Captain George Vancouver, a British explorer. The name Vancouver itself originates from the Dutch van Coevorden,Vancouver is also part of the slightly larger Lower Mainland metropolitan area which comprises a total population of 2,285,900. Vancou ver was largest urban area. Western Canada was the third largest in the country. denoting somebody from (in Dutch van) Coevorden, an old city in The Netherlands.Vancouver was first settled in the 1860s as a result of immigration caused by the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, particularly from the United States, although many immigrants did not remain after the rush. The city developed rapidly from a small lumber mill ... ...Free Zone.AviationLocated in Richmond, Vancouver International Airport (YVR) is the principal international airport in western Canada and is the second busiest in the nation. As the premier gateway to Asia, it hosts many airlines regional offices and their flights daily to Asia, Europe, and the United States. Vancouver is the closest air-link to Asia, offering the fastest North American airport with daily flights to the Republic of Koreas Incheon International Airport. Vancouver is also served by the Abbotsford International Airport, fast becoming a reliever to YVR co nvenient for the eastern suburbs and transborder United States. Operating from Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome on the Downtown waterfront, several floatplane operators support both tourist scenic flights and practical transportation, with extensive operations during daylight hours.

Manet and Paris De Refuses

Edouard Manet lived an intriguing life history significantly changing world history, especi t let out ensembley in the arts. In the 19th century, salon De genus Paris hosted a yearly public exhibition of artisans rougeings approved by the board. Edouard Manets controversial and unexpected moving-picture shows became the biggest challenge and publicity for the salon, probably non in the way the Paris Des beauty parlor would have chosen. All operatives displaying exhibitions sancti adeptd by the attest were required to paint within the standards and co diethylstilbestrol of conduct set by the French dodge Academy Academie diethylstilbestrol Beaux- nontextual social occasions.Any artists refusing to follow educational guidelines were rejected from showing their paintings. Their wrick had to abide by the educational standards taught in the French school to show paintings in the beauty salon De Paris exhibition. Edouard Manet was not in truth accommodating to tradition, a a narchy for being discharged from the Navy. In 1862, the Salon De Paris rejected Edouard Manets painting, Luncheon on the Grass. This rejection started a series of events marking a turning point in the history of art. Manets and other young French artists who prise the impressionists art style challenged the salons decisions.Napoleon 111 opened an exhibition allowing the salons rejects to display their art. The event which was separate from Salon De Paris was named Salon stilbesterol Refuses, meaning the salons rejects. At this eon, it was not considered a high honor to have whole shebang displayed in the Salon des Refuses. Today, the artists who had their work showcase in the Salon des Refuses have the same notoriety and look on as artists whos work was accepted by the Salon des Paris. Manets paintings were very pleasing, aesthetic, precisely were prevented from accepted by the public. It was the clock they lived in.When they did reach the public, his paintings received hars h, vicious criticism. Manets paintings directly went against the err ious purpose and rigid rules of academic art teachings. The academy had problems accepting Manets technique and topic matter, often portraying women with no clothes, two men in landscape or outdoor(prenominal) settings. All of his paintings were fully colored, not having any shadows in the pictures. The 1862 Salon Des Refuses lead to the Avant-Garde, which simply means testing the traditional rules or pushing beyond the boundaries.The rejection of Luncheon on the Grass, the opening of the Salon des Refuses and the Avant-Garde lead the movement of art world into Impressionism. Edouard Manets rebellion against military, education and politically correct standards done his paintings made much contri hardlyions than any one person ever did from any point in history. Manet and Salon Des Refuses Introduction Edouard Manet was a French artists famous for inventing the entire impression era during his very short live d life, dying at only 50 years old.After his discharged from the military, he devoted his entire life to art. Through his art career, he inspired historic changes influencing all aspects of the artworld. Significant changes inspired by Manet influenced music, drama, theatre dance and paintings. In his brief lifetime, the impression class, the avant-garde and Salon des Refusal became fully developed legitimate organizations upon challenging Salon de Pariss rejection of his painting. Impressionism According to the study of Manets style, impressionism is heavily associated with color.Manet is the mastermind behind the impressionism era. Manets breaking traditions began the impression age, but the impressionism era was tag when Monet constraind a painting called Sunrise. The term impressionism was coined to describe the work of certain painters who professed to record the impression which they have received from the object canvas. At close range, the picture appeared rugged and int elligible it was necessary to stand some distance away from it in order to discover what it was all about (Forest, 1913, Page 584).Realism painters are very formal artists, concealing any separateity, uniqueness, identity or personality within the messages or storytelling in their artwork. The purpose of realism paintings are to retell historical events from the past. Up until Manets invention of the impression stage, artists created artwork to keep history alive, and relay the same historical messages in multiple different interpretations. Impressionism is a resemblance of the contrast in the midst of todays Ballet dance vs Hip hop. The art does not have to follow narrow based rules and may be an expression of the individual to please the audience.Art is not required to be a reinvention of sentimental or historical meaning to serve a purpose, or target an audience. Art can be aesthetically pleasing. Aesthetic art work does not reinvent history, it makes history darn keeping up wi th the current trends, Impression or aesthetic usually appeals to a younger generation, perhaps more common, everyday great deal. This type of art in music, dance, theatre is usually taken at vista value, or for what it is. Impressionists artists paint in the here and now. They are not concerned about the future, or the past.Both an impressionists and realism artist create a piece of art or paint a picture of the same beach. Each artist would use different colors, shadowing methods, brush fortuity techniques. Both beach paintings would show clouds in the sky. The picture multicoloured by the impressionists would have shorter, broken up clouds, resembling exactly what the viewer would see if they went to that beach when the artist painted it. The impression artist goes to the place where he or she can see what they are painting or drawing. The realism artists paints outdoor scenery while they are in the studio.The clouds, sun, waves symbolizes a historical story. Impressionists u ses brighter colors, place strong emphasis on natural outdoor lighting and the actual surroundings. Realism artists took pride in people staying spell bound by their work, to get the hidden meanings portrayed through symbology. Artists wants to take its audience into a deeper level, consuming their attention, leaving them with something they will remember, or even change their life. Artists intend on making lasting impressions on its audience.The salon wanted to maintain a certain status level of its customers. Although Edouard Manet studied for six years with Thomas Couture, his painting style was primarily influenced by studying the old masters in the Musee de Louvre in Paris, particularly the industrial plant of Spanish painters, Bartolome Esteban Murillo, Jusepe de Ribera and approximately important Diego Velazquez (Kramer, 2002). Today, it stands no secret Manet greatly admired Velazquez. The art traditions set by Manet was inspired by Velazquez. The Salon De Paris and the Ac ademie des Beaux-ArtsThe Salon De Paris was a highly prestigious well respected event organized by the Academie des Beaux-Arts. The Salon De Paris was made up of a board of highly qualified judges who analyzed paintings submitted by artists. The salon first concern was to ensure all paintings displayed in the show satisfy all requirements set by the French art academy. The academy wanted to retain a certain level of customers. The Salon De Paris, working closely with the Academie des Beaux-Arts had an obligation to honor Napoleon 111 regulations.Napoleon 111 was a French emperor having full rein of the school. When the salon rejected Edouard Manets Luncheon on the Grass, the salons potential was immediately questioned. The rejection of this painting, inspired Manet to go through a process beginning a series of events that permanently changed art. Manets impression paintings were new, introduced the unfamiliar. The Avant-guard is all about breaking boundaries, pushing limitations. Many musicians, singers and George Bush Jr and his cabinet are accused of pushing boundaries, only a compliment to them.Traditional paintings, or paintings following the academic standards retold history, suppressing their own ideas. The salon or the art academy tested artists imaginations and creativity. Artists were discouraged from inventing or painting any stories or ideas, or pictures just for an image of the picture itself. Artists were required to paint what already existed, or did at one time or another(prenominal). Although they were retelling history, they faced the challenge of inventing original ways to tell the same story repeated thousands times through previous paintings, theatre, music and writings.If an artist was talented, had a great imagination, and was inspired strong enough by historical events, he was capable of creating orginal fascinating works which portrayed the same meaning. All artist before the impression era had to create their art to retell biblical a nd traditional stories. Any individual messages from the artists had to be within the traditional social standards passed on through many generations. The Salon Des Refuses The Salon Des Refuses rejected Manets painting, Luncheon on the Grass, because the subject matter was considered indecent.Manet painted an out of shape unclothed woman having a picnic on the grass with two fully clothed men. Artists have used artists models, a naked person who sits in a pose for the artists to paint, since the beginning of art. In the realism stages, or if the naked model symbolized a historical time event, it was considered art. Naked models painted in a realistic setting were considered pornography discipline. The rejection of Luncheon on the Grass and Whistlers, A White Girl, draw lots of complaints from the public and the French artists who supported Manets style.Napoleon made the decision to allow a public exhibition of the salons rejects. The event was separate from the Salon De Paris. T he salon repeatedly rejected Manets paintings, yet he kept submitting paintings in the same aesthetic style. Many art historians argue Manets rejections were intentional. Many scholars contend that Manets 1863 masterpieces dejeuner sur l Herbe, Breakfast in the Grass and Olympia set the stage for modern evolution of modern art and the 1907 creation of Picassos damoiselle D Avignon. Was this intentional?Artists and art historian Anderson believe it was, arguing that the French painter wished to challenge academic paradigms pertaining to both style and the substance of artworks submitted to the Paris Salon Jury ( Lajos, 2005). Submission of artwork rejected over and over, and resubmission making no compromise to alter paintings to conform to academic standards indicates Manet had altered motives for submitting his work. A generous hereditary pattern from his father allowed Manet the financial independence to break these traditional rules, and paint mainly for his own enjoyment.Of co urse, the reason behind repeated submissions to the salon, if any, can only be leftfield to individual opinions. The salons refusal to accept his paintings are narrowed down to one issue The prestigious Salon des Paris and the academy had no way of portent publics reactions to acceptance of art that have not been tested. It was a political risk for the salon. Through most of Manets life, he was ridiculed, criticized, received harsh psychological attacks from the public. The attitude of the people says much more about people in general than Manets paintings.People rejecting Manets paintings wrote books about his artwork. Any painting, no matter how unappealing, does not have the ability to snuff it the gallery and harm these people who were so angry with the paintings. People are obsessed with the things they hate. One critic wrote a book about the impressionist artists highborn In Praise of Cosmetics. Her theory was that Manets use of color with several paintings featuring nake d women reflected prostitutes. Cosmetics are viewed as artificial, something a woman uses to seduce a man.This is seldom true, but cosmetics are often viewed in this light. The salon certainly did not want to offend activists involved in womens rights movement, who concluded Manets paintings branded women as prostitutes. The content or the objects Manet drew was found objectionable by the salon. Many of his paintings showed a woman with no clothes with two men, outdoors. This is what the public was concerned about, not the colour in content, although it was used as a reason for rejection. They did not want to bring attention or focus to the naked women.Manet could argue that art used naked women in the renaissance ages. Other analysts interpret Manets paintings as a rebellion surfacing from his discharge from the military. He is leaving no room in his interpretations through the use repeatedly criticized color, light and atmosphere, he is protesting against anything standing for tr adition, military or academic. He is telling everyone he is not following the current rules for art, and has no intentions to do so, he is still going to produce paintings by his own rules. Manet could never see himself wearing his uniform through a painting.He expressed respect and admiration for the uniform, but could not actually picture himself in the uniform. Manet had respect for the salon and the academy, but just could see himself in the academy. Through the art work and relationship with the Salon des Refusal, or Salon des Paris, he was living out his life experience with the military discharge. (Wright 2004). The more the public ridiculed Manet, the more controversial his paintings became. This was intentional. After a while of being ridiculed, mocked and harassed, the target begins to do whatever it takes to kept the reactions going.If anything, they are talking about his paintings the most. Whatever people hate, is the one thing that has them enslaved. Everyone is obsess ed with whatever it is they hate or despise. Salon Des Paris Biggest Change Salon Des Paris became the center of everyones concerns when its fence event, Salon Des Refuses 1863 occurred. The Salon Des Refuses received publicity because of what it did not accept. (Wynford, 1904). The Salon Des Paris had a long term relationship with Manet. In 1859, Manet sent his first painting to the salon, The Absinth Drinker, the salon rejected it.The next two paintings, a double portrait of his mother and father and the Spanish Guitar was not only accepted by the salon, but highly honored. From here on out, the Salon and Manet continuously rebelled against each other. The only other honor the Salon would buckle under Manet was a year before his death. In 1861, the salon refused another submission by Manet Music at the Tuileries. Music at the Tuileries was more than just another painting for Manet. He set a new trend called en plein air, which the recently rejected painting was to be a trademark or soupcon of Manets original painting style. (1904)En plein air, translating to, in plain air, is the standard technique used by impression artists. Impression artists are famous for painting landscapes and outdoor painting. They paint from outside the studio. The realism artists painted landscapes and outdoor paintings. They used neutral, down to earth tones, grey, shades and colors. Impressionists use colors closer to giving actual visual percept of the outdoor brightness. The background of their paintings actually set the coloring, usually daylight or moonlight, overlooking the entire picture. The impression artists did not paint many small details.The impressionists painted with what they imagined the audience saw when looking at the picture at first glance. The paintings make an impression at first glance. And needless to say, en plein air painting trend broke all traditional rules of painting. Manet replaced shadows, greys, blacks and other neutral colors with bright colors . All of the space on the canvas was filled with vivid tell apart colors. The Salon des Refuses in 1863 was a one time event. In 1865, the Salon des Paris discouraging another Salon des Refuses allowed all artists to display their exhibitions.They had another surprise. Manet shocked them once again with his painting, The Olympia. The very next exhibition, the Salon nonapologetically, nonsympathetically, without much consideration refused Manets paintings. (1904) Conclusion At the very end of Manets life and career, his artwork and contributions were accepted, and honored. Edourd Manet 1832-83) was a French artists famous for inventing the entire impression era, during his very short lived life, died at only 50 years old, he inspired historical through his art career in all aspects of the art world.Significant changes inspired by Manet influenced music, drama, theatre dance and paintings. In his brief lifetime, the impression class, the venturesome and Salon des Refusal became full y developed legitimate organizations when he challenged the Salon des Pariss rejection of his paintings. The Salon des Paris did rejected works to uphold a certain class of people. Educated people attracted to art look beyond the visual aspects, are taken into the storytelling of the art work to derive deeper meanings out of it.esthetics and Impressionism art, according to the art analyst of that time were going to attract people who take art at face value, such as viewing a nude person as porn, or some other inappropriate sexual interpretation. These types of people have little money, younger crowd and will bechance great humor in breaking into the gallery just to get a naked picture. The salon probably considered this possibility when rejecting Manets works. However, Manet would not have stood out like he does today if he did not receive continuous rejections from the Salon.Creating sexual artwork falling into grey areas is the fastest way for an artists to become famous. famou s means everyone is talking about that artists more than other artists. Many historians point to incredibly believable supporting evidence that Manet purposely seeked repeated rejections from the salon. The one time he made his mark in history, was not when he convinced Napoleon 111 to hold an exhibition of the salons rejects, but probably when he submitted a painting of the Olympia the year after the salon allowed an open exhibition, preventing another Salon des Refusal.Some professionals studying Manet and the Salon Des Refusal argue his secretive rebellion for his military discharge surfaced through his paintings. Manets works that were refused by the public and the salon worked for him. The salon could have came with any reason for continuous rejections, the technique or subject content. Manet was always seeking controversy, not every rejected painting from the salon was by accident. He created an entirely new art era, called the impressionism stage. Today, his rejected artworks hangs in the most prestigious of the art galleries.

Greek Mythology and Greek Goddess Aphrodite Essay

The Hellenic Goddess Aphrodite is cognise as the Goddess of beauty, love, and pleasure. Aphrodite is equivalent to the Roman form Venus. She is a major goddess that was known to be youthful and the most appealing. As the god of love and affection, she has been involved in many affairs which also resulted in many children.The Goddess is believed to have been natural from Ouranos damaged genital thrown into the sea by Kronos after a fight. From the damaged part, she was born and arose with a foam in the sea. According to the Greek poet Homer, she was born from the God Zeus and the Goddess Dione.Because she was beautiful, many Gods wanted her for their wife. All of them argued over her along with Zeus. The arguments over Aphrodite continued Zeus was rejected by Aphrodite. In punishment for rejection and for the good of ending all arguments, Zeus forced her to marry Hephaestus, an ugly god of blacksmiths. She was not faithful in her relationship with the God of Blacksmiths and had aff airs with other gods such as Poseidon, Hermes, Dionysos, Phaethon, and others. her most famous affair was with Ares, the god of war.Hephaestus was suspicious of her and set up a trap to catch her while she was with Ares. He chain them and dragged them to Olympus to show their shame. They did not take it seriously, resulting in the two being freed and Ares paying a fine.Aphrodite had no children with Hephaestus her children with Poseidon are Rhodos and Herophilos. Harmonia, Deimos, Phobos, The Erotes, and Anteros was with Ares. Hermess children are Tyche, Peitho, Eunomia, and Hermaproditos. The Charites and Priapus and children of Dionysos. Children from various others are Beroe, Astynoos, Aeneas, Lyrus, Lyrus, and Meligounis.Aphrodite compete a major role in causing the Trojan war. She was involved in a disagreement with Athena and Hera that resulted in the Trojan War. Aphrodite promised the Helen of Troy to genus Paris while she was already married to King Menelaus of Sparta. O utraged by event and abduction of his wife, theKing sent his army to fight in the city of Troy. The Trojan War resulted in the destruction of Troy.

Types Of Food And Water Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay

About every individual twenty-four hours our universe additions a vegetarian. more or less people become a vegetarian out of regard for our brisk beings, some because nevertheless dont like meat. First of all, biological meat is better for the environment. The animate beings at biological farms have a better life they female genital organ travel about freely, become outside and eat proper nutrient. Furthermore, biological farms do non utilize fertilisers, chemical supplies or cistron engineering, so the meat you argon purchasing is really better for your ain wellness. You cigaret acquire biological meat at whole nutrient and wellness nutrient shops, some farm stores, and biological meatmans and even the better supermarkets. The environment section of the Dutch authorities is back uping supermarkets to acquire biological nutrient and to put up a good run, because biological nutrient is still more expensive in the universe. The reproach of nutrient by chemical jeopardies is a world-wide public wellness concern and is a taking cause of trade jobs internationally. Contamination may happen through environmental pollution of the air, body of water and dirt, such as the instance with toxic metals, PCBs and dioxins, or through the knowing usage of assorted chemicals, such as pesticides, carnal drugs and other agrochemicals. physically taint occurs when objects that get into the nutrient spot and this can class taint.1.1.1 TYPE OF dirty BY BIOLOGICALFood can be dirty by biological because there are two types of biological agents are pathogens and toxins. Sanitation in fixing and functioning nutrient will cut down taint by pathogens. Toxins are toxicant substances produced by pathogens and other organisation to protect nutrient from toxins, stored it in sealed, air-tight containers so to avoid the taint we must clean the containers before opening them. In handling the job of biological it is assumed that there could be contaminated by personal of all open surfaces, and of go arounding air. The illness could be caused by taint that had occurred several yearss, or hebdomad earlier. In instance of biological onslaught there are certain charge that should for carried out for protection and decontamination of feeding, imbibing, nutrient service equipment and messing countries. The best manner to forestall biological taint is to make good sanitary and hygienic pattern.1.1.2 TYPE OF CONTAMINATED BY CHEMICALLYChemical nutrient taint refers to the presence in nutrient harmful chemicals and micro-organism which can do consumer unwellness. The chemical taint of nutrient as microbiological taint is under the nutrient borne unwellness. Largely the chemical taint is modified nutrient, or the nutrient ingredients from genetically modified being besides can address the nutrient taint. The nutrient borne unwellness can caused by certain cleansing compounds, and sometimes by usage the improper containers ( pots ) for cooking or hive awaying nutrient . sometimes drug besides are used in agribusiness chemicals to command the infestation of fruit and veggie. When a big sum of chemicals are used it can caused a serious nutrient borne unwellness. The full toxicant chemical and cleaning compound must be carefully stored and labeled and shop in bucolic that separate from the nutrient point. The best manner to forestall chemical nutrient borne unwellness are all the fruit and vegetable must be clean decently so that the chemical will destruct in the water. We can even utilize warm piss or even a fervid water supply to rinse it. Examples of toxic metal that can do chemical taint areLead found in pewter, illustration is pitcher and tableware fuzz found in cooking utensil, illustrations are pots and PonsZinc found galvanized points, illustrations are pail and bath1.1.3 TYPE OF CONTAMINATED BY PHYSICALLYthither is few type of physical taint that occurs. The first is from human existences. Sometimes the point that can do physical tain t are, hair, soil, hurting french friess, buttons, coins, jewellery makers, plaster, and finger nail, go mix with the nutrient. The 2nd is from equipment in the hotel. The equipment that can contamination because from the, glass, metal, wood, plastic, prison guard, nuts, and bolts. The 3rd are largely from nutrient point are delivered in some sort of packaging or containers. If the packaging is damaged, or non to the full removed it may go a beginning of physical taint. Example the point are, polythene, paper, composition board, plastic or even glass. The 4th type of taint are from the unwanted parts of natural ingredients that remain in nutrient aft(prenominal) readying including illustration, egg shell, castanetss, pips, chaffs, dirt or grit. The last physical taint are from the spread disease, they besides can do physical taint because the contaminated from the, dead insect organic structures, larvae or eggs, dungs of pelt or a bird plume. To avoid the taint we must manage the n utrient point with carefully.1.2 DEFINATION OF movable pissing( The above beginnings from www. effectout water.com )Portable H2O is a safe H2O to be drink by all human existences or besides animate beings. Water may be of course drinkable, as is the instance with pristine springs, or it may necessitate to be treated in order to be safe. In either case, the safety of H2O is assessed with trials which look for potentially harmful contaminations. Largely portable H2O is packaged in plastic, or glass. It is a merely H2O that s safe to be drink by all. Water which is contaminated can treated to turn into portable H2O. Once of the easiest W P treat the H2O is boiling. Boiling H2O may non take heavy taints, but it can neutralize most bacteriums and viruses which may show H2O can besides treated with chemicals such as bleach, which sometimes it signifier of tablets for field and encampment usage. In extra, H2O can be pumped through a filter to take particulate.1.3 PORTABLE WATER USED FOR 1.3.1 PORTABLE WATER STORAGE TANKS( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O tanks.com )Portable H2O storage armored fall upon vehicles can be used in a figure of applications. If there is a break in the lasting H2O supply a portable armored combat vehicle can be used as a impermanent solution. They can be used as firefighting equipment, typically in distant locations or for forest fires. They can besides be used in distant locations where a work cantonment needs to be stigmatise up for a period of clip. There are many different utilizations for them and they can be an effectual piece of equipment1.3.2 WATER PURIFIER( The above beginnings from www.water purifier.com )Most H2O we would believe of as clean contains a assortment of different contaminations, including chemical and biological contaminations. Chemical contaminations are chemicals that have entered the H2O. We can kill biological contaminations in the H2O by boiling it, but unluckily, boiling H2O has no consequence on chemicals already in the H2O. However, utilizing a H2O purifier can take both biological and chemical contaminations at the same clip, ensuing in H2O that is clean and safe to be drink by household.1.3.3 PORTABLE WATER BOTTLE( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O bottle.com )The portable H2O bottles are a new sort of filtered H2O bottle. If you one to make at out of household we can merely used the portable H2O bottle. With this filtered H2O bottle you can merely even travel anyplace without any job. The portable H2O bottle, it can cut down 99.99 % of contaminations such as cryptosporidium, Giardia, E-coli, and many more. The bottle is design for going, exerting, athleticss events, and catastrophes or even can be used at place. The H2O bottle is really save and the H2O besides is safe to be drink.1.3.4 PORTABLE WATER HEATER( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O heater.com )Water warming is a thermodynamic temperature procedure utilizing a warming beginning to heat H2O a bove its initial temperature. Portable H2O is normally heated by stratagem known as a H2O warmer or hot H2O system. Water warmer for non portable usage, both industrial and domestic are besides called hot H2O boilers. When a shell and tubing heat money changer is used for portable H2O or non portable H2O warming, it is normally called a hot H2O generator.

Gender Role

Darla Anne NocomProf. CortezEng 1AApril 7, 2018Why gender par ruining everyones happiness?The Is equality ruining your marriage? by Suzanne Venker is a news article how the traditionalistic gender roles still exist in our society today and how it ruins the freedom of everyone to do each others roles.Venker used the new investigate of University of Illinois to back up her article. Reading this article give the axe well-defined our mind to see what is the effect to everyone or marriage couple to be exact if they fit the traditional gender roles. Its interesting to see how gender equality can ruin a happy marriage couple animateness and how handstal wellness can consume over this.I am here to take closer of the rhetorical frauds the author used and how the devices took a certain effect on the audience. Also, to explain how each device links to what the author is trying to achieve. The authors effect is to change the traditional gender roles and the rhetorical devices that wer e used to support it were Ethos, Logos, and Pathos.The first device that supports the article is ethos. The researchers in University of Illinois examined men and women to do this research and support their argument on how marriage couples are less blissful if they struggle on traditional gender roles. The research they did suggested, When females were the main breadwinner in the family, they reported more symptoms of depression but mens psychological well-being was highest when they were the primary wage earners (Venker).This is to say that our tender-hearted nature hasnt change much about gender equality issue. We still throw away the belief that men can only support the family and should have a higher wage than women. Gender roles should not have a damaging impact to everyone because this is a start for gender equality. Earning a higher salary for men is very important and there is no surprise there but giving women a chance to help is a good way for family to have a content li fe.Men working while women stay at home has been part of our culture and it cant change just because society changed. It will take duration but giving it a change cant harm anyone because our generation is way different than before and many people are more open now than before. Even now, guys weakness is when girls are a lot more up in the game when it comes to any field and to anything men do.The authors influenced for this effect is that it is clipping for us to experiment in gender roles because many single parent can be a mom and dad at the same time while for marriage couple, it is still unusual for their role to change. Seeing everyone in this nature for generation has been stuck to us and hard to adjust if we want gender equality in and out of our homes.What important is for everyone to open up and try to change this nature and gain self-confident in each other. Doing what you want to do in life can gain as a self-worth and can make us feel worthy in life. Putting our emoti on to something occasionally can be bad and good sometimes because emotion is a feel that we cant control from time to time.The pathos for this is, Americans are forever being told that gender equality- which is no longer defined as equal opportunity but as male and female interchangeability- is the only road to a happy life (Venker).

A long walk home Essay

The whipping wind tossed and hurled the icy rain in countless directions, saturating the now shiny country cliffs. The tall huddles of trees were disrobed leave them exposed and stripped of their summer coats. Rays from the sun, were banished by the copious clouds that filled the once blue skies, and the raging storm antagonised the ocean until its fury could be heard from afar.Emerging from the evergreen woods, clinging vehemently to his check bag and protective coat, s in any cased a young, well-mannered lad. This lad went by the name of Jack. Jack was a sprightly, yet gracious boy, tall, lean and of medium build, his skin was unobjectionable and his look sparkled with a loveable mischief, which would captivate and sway any mother. Jack walked steadily against the elements, homeward bound. The wind chipping at his flesh, like an adder bites its victims. He tugged at his hood, hiding himself from the driving unforgiving wind. And it was for this reason, this reason alone that Jack decided to take the short cut through the steep, sheltered cliffs.Read muchHeavy School Bags EssayAs the day closed in, Jack became ill at ease with his own redirected route. Oh He had climbed the cliffs before, tho neer in these weather conditions, and certainly not this late in the evening, he knew oh so well, that if he didnt make haste, the night would close before he reached the top. As luck would have it, the weather abated, the rain had eased to a mere drizzle, the wind to a light breeze. And so he made his way carefully and cautiously up the steep winding cliffs.He was nearing the top, when he suddenly realised he had taken a wrong grow, the path, such as it was, had petered out, leaving a very tricky way forward indeed across slippery rocks and shingle with a sheer drop either side. But, if he were to turn back now, it would be hours before he reached his destination his parents would be gripped in the throws of panic. So, resolute and unrelenting, Jack continued along his arduous mission, until he reached a window pane from where he could no longer proceed, retreat stumbleered no solution. Jacks dilemma seemed mountainous there seemed no easy exit.The days light was diminish rapidly. Jacks panic gripped him tightly he needed to reach the top before the light faded. He scrutinized his location, scanning for any signs of help. Just then, a voice, a sweet friendly voice belonging to a girl, filled the air.Are you alright there? You look as if you are in a bit of a pickle, would you like a hand?Jacks anguished eyes searched for the source of these utterances, he saw nothing. Did his ears deceive him? Was it the wind playing tricks on him?Hey foolt look so shocked and worried, Came the sweet voice once more.Who is that? Spluttered Jack nervously, where are you hiding?Im here silly.And there, in present of Jack, true enough, stood a girl about the age of himself, her wavy, blonde hair flowed to her waist, she was waif like, pale in complexio n, slightly gaunt, but her piercing blue eyes sent out a radiation of warmth. She walked sure-footedly across the rocks towards Jack. Follow me, Ill show you the way, whispered the girl, that is, if you want to?The girl offered her hand to Jack, Jack hesitated, she seemed friendly enough, but he really didnt know her.Honestly giggled the girl. I wont bite you.With that, they exchanged smiles, held hands and continued on their way, the girl obviously cunning the cliffs well, so assured did she place her feet. As they neared the top of the cliff, the boy asked.Do you ever get scared, in case you fall?Oh no give tongue to the girl, I fell once, I will never let that happen again.Were you hurt when you fell? queried Jack sincerely. It could have been very serious. What happened?The girl sighed deeply, I too got lost once. If it werent for this stranger, I surly would have died. He offered his helpful hand to me, but as I reached out, I lost my footing and slipped, I ending up clingi ng to the edge of the cliff. That must have been so scary exclaimed Jack. It was, but scarier than that, was the fact that the stranger disappeared right after rescuing me. How odd Maybe he was a ghost, chuckled Jack.Ghost? I dont believe in ghosts, said the girl, plainly amused by Jacks comments. Neither do I, said Jack defensively, in an attempt to mask his fears.Embarrassed at this, Jack thanked the girl profusely, bid her farewell, and continued his journey home.Ghosts said the girl as she watched him leave.What a peculiar notion.Most close-knit neighbourhoods have strange ghost stories, as it happened, this community was not unusual in that fact. As this urban- legend would have it, the cliffs were live by a ghost, a ghost who lead people to their deaths, an offering of a helping hand soon saw those who trusted it, plunged fatally off the treacherous cliffs.Was this just a legend to stop foolish children climbing the cliffs and hurting themselves? Or, was it something, far mor e supernatural?What do you think?Jack never saw the girl ever again.

Smart Metrobus Stops

Reduce the traffic The metrobus system, which IETT has effectuated in order to reduce the traffic density at the main arteries of traffic in Istanbul and to go forth quick and comfortable transportation, primarily started to serve at Topkapi-Avcilar route. * To encourage more usance of commonplace transport The metrobus system, which reduced the Access time of Topkapi-Avcilar to 22 minutes, itwas 67 minutes previously, leave be extended to Beylikduzu at the European side of Istanbul and to Kozyatagi the Anatolian side of Istanbul.One bus can carry 600. 000/day. The figure of people thattypi listy touch off in a car making bus travel greener and reducing congestion on our roads. Metrobusimproves reliability and more people will be encourage to leave the car at home and use the bus more often. The metrobus system, which displays further development potential than other express lines whose investment and operation cost are absolutely lower than other railways whose establishment is completed in a shorter time relatively, has primarily reduced the traveling period, providing time saving.Since the fomites move on their specific road, the accident rate and risk reduces. High-tech devices within the system provide a safer and more comfortable travel. By means of its environment-friendly engines, the emission range reduce drastically and the hybrid engine provides approximately 40% fuel savings Its drawing near alongside the stop facilitates the disabled travelers to get on the metrobus. Operational Capabilities * Intelligent Metrobus Signs provide * Real time travel information at high-use bus stops Timetables, route maps and local area maps * Need negligible maintenance and have a long service life * No need excavation, easy fitting * Promoting more people to use public tour * Audiable signange fort he visually impaired * Save %75 energy more than traditional stops * Solar-powered system, friendly to environment * Can be apply as a lighting and 220 Volt AC power supply in case of emergency or natural disaster * Can call emergency with the emergency/panic button Intelligent metrobus sign system should be physical bodyed to withstand malicious use (A push button overly triggers an audible message of the same information to help passengers with a visual impairment) . User Classes * Public people who are using metrobuses searching which line they will use, arrival time of the metrobus or looking at the city map. * Maintenance personnel people who service, adjust, maintain and repair equipment STAGE 2 OPERATIONAL model FORMULATION * Existing metrobus stopsare beingupgraded and some new metrobus stopsbuilt along for future metobus routes.This ensures that passengers have reduced waiting clock and easieraccess to buses. * LCD displays on metrobus stops show arrival, departure and estimated time of arrival calculation information based on the vehicle introduce data. This tracking information is provided using satellite signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS) . The data is transferred to the control centre by GPRS communication. * Positions of all metrobuses are tracked so that predictions of arrival times oninformation displays at metrobus stops are continually updated. The metrobus stop acts as an active environmental sensing node, powering itself through sunlight and ingathering real time information about the surrounding environment STAGE 3 OPERATIONAL CONCEPT FORMULATION * Main task The system would provide real-time information on LCD display screens at these stops. The information indicate the fixed route of the metrobuses on graphic maps, the number of stops and the estimated time originally arrival. * Human Task The user will be able to check his current location, closest metrobus stops location and name and all metrobus lines and their routes.And there will be a panic buton to be used just in case of an emergency ( will be located to a certain level of line of longitude in order to be kept a way children reach). Different views of system * Physical view * The size of the Metrobus Stop is modular and adju perpetual depending on the number of people using the bus stop at the specific site. * Schedules and timetables for each route are visible on LCD screens and there will be 2 LCD screens located the midpoint of the distance between 3 doors. The navigation positioning device (GPS) retrieving current vehicle geographic longitude and latitude coordinates from the accredited satellite signal * The position data transfers to Metrobus Stop Control Center * Compute a distance from the current position to a next get position value and the current geographic longitude and latitude coordinates * Analyzes the current vehicle cannonball along based on a basic vehicle speed, and sends the analyzed speed data and the computed distance data to ETA (estimated time of arrival) unit. Compute parameters for adjusting a remaining distance and the remaining distance based on the received data * And receive the remaining time to the next stop according to the remaining distance to the next target position value and vehicle speed. * The data is transferred to the Metrobus Stop by GPRS communication Using the Metrobus stop, public transit operators can provide passengers reliable estimated time of arrival predictions, achieving greater passenger satisfaction and significantly improving their public image.A Global Positioning System unit would be installed on every metrobus to send real time information to the metrobus stop display via satellite. STAGE 4CONCEPT DEMONSTRATION AND VALIDATION * The concept of design which is chosen during concept exploration is now modeled, simulated and model tests are performed. * Making sure that the proposed design encourages more people to use public transport is the major phase of this stage. Questions should be answered are * Does the desing concept meet requirements for operating, maintaining and supporting the system? * Does it m eet gumshoe and personal training requirements?Personnel Requirements The stuff who are responsible with servicing ans maintaining are required to have necessarry technical knowledge and go through training programmes that may be necessary to bring their skills up to required levels STAGE 5 FULL-SCALE ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT Products are not just tested by consumers, but also will be tested during the process of design and manufacture. Usabbility Testing and Reference of Testing Results * Intelligent metrobus stop provides well-timed passenger information based on fast and effective communications. In average, the connection is established in less than 0. seconds, instantly providing accurate information on metrobus status. * When the metrobus passes through a tunnel, the global positioning deviceis not able to transmit and receive signal to and from the satellite. and therefore, could not retrieve the current vehicle geographic longitude and latitude coordinates and the current vehicle speed to result in incorrect announcement of arrival at a next stop by the metrobus stop announcing system * Pressure and strength test are applied on the intelligent metrobus stops. * The metrobus stop shelter material is made from 99. 9% uv protection policarbonate. serlite Polycarbonate Selter prevents the transmissionof more than 99. 9% of harmful UV radiation, measured to standard ISO 90502003. Its co-extruded UV barrier protects the sheet from UV degradation and discolouration. It remains stableunder extreme climatic conditions (-20 to +120C). Shelters also stop the rain. * Laserlite PolycarbonateRoofing is self extinguishing, stops the spread of flame and also has excellent fire skanky properties. Therefore, this product complies with m either fire related tests, including Heat and Smoke Release Rates (AS/NZS 38371998) STAGE 6 PRODUCTION AND DEPLOYMENTUsers dont need any training period. Training is only for technical service and operator workers. A timetable is avai lable for convenience, and there is a slot for advertisement in order to piss a surplus in cash flow, allowing more metrobus stops to be built. The technology would enable people to leave their cars and encourage more people to use public transport. Changes that should be made for later versions will allowed you to check your e-mail, share community information on a digital message board or monitor the local air quality. STAGE 7 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE The system require minimum maintenence and have a long service life.

Discrimination in social work Essay

As loving workers atomic number 18 involved with comparatively powerless people within the community, they are in an influential position with regards to the fair discourse of many disadvantaged individual(a)s. This unfair treatment comes in the forms of dissimilarity and oppression. Discrimination can be defined as the act of giving less gilt treatment, through prejudice and stereotype, of individuals typically belonging to groups who are a relatively powerless part of society.Discrimination can come in several forms restrain Discrimination, which can be seen directed against gender when, for example, a female is denied a job interview as it is believed she will non fit into the mascu cable length environment. confirmative Discrimination is present when the intentions of a rule or policy do not display apparent discrimination, but can result in poor treatment. Harassment is the occurance of unjust treatment towards a somebody due to a particular characteristic, such as e thnicity, which makes for an undesirable and sometimes hostile environment or brings nearly a violation of the victims dignity.Victimisation can occur when a person rightly makes a complaint in line with the Equality Act, and this results in malevolence or negative treatment towards the complainant. From personal experience, I have witnessed this occur within interactions between members of front of house and kitchen round in a restaurant, wherein an intentionally hostile and cold atmosphere was created for the individual who lodged the complaint.Oppression is the act of taking the prejudice inherent in Direct and validating Discrimination further through negative and unfair wielding of power, inflicting hardship and disadvantage upon those seemingly inferior in the social structure. This power being a eviscerate for controlling people which those apparently much rife in the hierarchy are capable of exerting. The forms Oppression takes include such systems as ageism, sexism, c lassism, and those in dominant positions use these systems to limit rights and freedoms of these individuals and this unjust domination adversely affects a persons life chances.Due to variables inherent in peoples identity, such as age, ethnicity and gender, an individual oppressed on the grounds of skin colour may also be considered to have an advantage over someone considered old in socially constructed value as far as age is concerned, and thus could fall into the role of oppressor. In a bid to challenge and reduce structural disadvantage, discrimination and oppression within care work, framework for Anti-Discriminatory Practice (A. D. P. ) has been introduced.A main focus of A. D. P.is putting the client in their social context, which is the acknowledgement of not only characteristics specific to different groups, but also characteristics unique to a particular individual, and the tailoring of care in relation to these differences to avoid undermining diversity, as is considered unattackable practice in social work. It recognizes that uniform care does not work effectively for everybody, such as assumed homogeny when treating those of ethnic minorities in an identical means to when treating a client from the dominant culture.This could also be viewed as a method of assimilation into the norms of that society, and can be an oppression of identity. Previously, MANAGEMENT? had deemed A. D. P. unimportant (Thompson/Dvies? )and such outlooks made care liable to adopt such exclusive atiitudes as the colour-blind and gender-blind approaches. These are terms that refer to the ignorance of ethnic and gender influences on an individuals personality, resulting in inappropriate and even oppressive treatment caused possibly by care with male or dominant culture bias.Though these two particular groups are highlighted, discrimination in care work methods can also affect other disadvantaged demographics such as the disabled, elderly and those of different religious beli efs. Thompson argues that maintaining an ken of A. D. P. is congenital in combating discrimination and oppression, and that refusing to intervene becomes part of the problem. Furthermore, Giddens (1977) supports the view that failing nuetral use of original power allows inequalities to persist, and that it must be used proactively to veer oppressive structures.Giddens also notes that negative use of this power can reinforce inequalities. Another important part A. D. P. is Giddens Emancipatory Politics(1991) which aims at liberating clients from their disadvantaged positions. Identified within this are three imperatives to keep mindful of, the first being Justice, which is suggestive of fair treatment and the confidence that people will not be employ or have rights denied. Equality is the next, which opposes uniform treatment, identifying it as a barrier to fairness.Thirdly, Participation is a key concept in objectives to emancipate and empower clients to recrudesce cope with, or be pardond from their circumstances, all the while using the clients legitimate power to counter the power abuse brought about by discrimination and oppression. This involves cooperation of social workers and service users in planning and evaluating services to improve empowerment opportunities and to help the service provide suitable care (Beresford and Croft 1993, in Davies?).In A. D. P, this relationship is recognised as a partnership, a more sensitive term which is not suggestive of power interactions, but more on mutual agreement (Thompson, 1996, DAVIES? ) promoting a sensitivity and understanding about the inequalities to be addressed. Using the word partnership can also foster an broker of trust between the two parties, as social workers are so often demonised in the media, and this enhances mistrust towards them.These relationships can run into conflicts between parties, though long success relies on not abandoning the partnership and maintaining professional willingne ss. (DAVIES? ) An important focus in Participation is to enable the client to use their own power to liberate themselves from oppression, and to avoid the benign paternalism of the past which created an environment of dependency through protecting the less fortunate from their problems (Bailey and Brake, 1975 DAVIES).A complication to fair practice in social work is that some situations can be complex and open to numerous interpretations, and this is where the judgement of a professional, takes precedence over technical reasoning and codes of practice (jordan, 1990 pp. 3-4, DAVIES? ). In making professional judgements, moral reasoning and due analysis must be taken to avoid messy situations(Schon, 1983). Also essential for professionals to possess a sensitivity towards feelings when making such decisions. Insensitive intervention is a contradiction of A. D. P. and have more negative effects than positive (DAVIES?)Professionals being a person with attributes such as having engaged in lengthy training with assessment of competence, authority acknowledged by service users and a thorough theory of scene of action based on reasearch evidence (Banks, 2001, Gomm, 1996 BRIANS HANDOUT). Though care must be taken in relation to these decisions to ensure there is no abuse of professionals power resulting in coercion upon service users(Davies), and instead that it supports equality and emancipation. (DAVIES? ). It is important to not allow subjectiveness and personal prejudices to obstruct care. Also essential for professionals to possess a sensitivity towards feelings

Heritage Assessment Essay

In all in all aspects, the background of any medical practitioner determines the overall attitude, aptitudes and performance of the practitioner. This paper seeks to identify this correlation with imputable reference to Culture Care Guide to Heritage Assessment by Spector (2009). The guide ardently utilizes the tools inseparable in the guide in underdeveloped basic nursing principles within the fraternity. Within the guide, the write uses egotism experience in analyzing the traditions in the nursing profession.This paper seeks to make a clear comparison mingled with the family of the writer and two other families in relation to their overall approach to health issues. The issues given expended precaution are promotion, maintenance and restoration of health. The paper undertakes a dissection of how families adhere to subscribed health practices and traditions. Thereafter, the paper entrust give a brief overview of the authors master key nursing inheritance. Heritage Assessment Tools match Spector, the response of any patient to medication depends to a reasonable extend on the patients heritage, language and background.Spector (Spector S. , p 9) argues that the health of any singular can expressed in terms of the experiences and the panorama of unmarrieds. Consequently, most of the medical master keys will tend to identify their experiences with their own heritage. Vividly, the deriveing of the self assists one to be able to realize the other party. Within the precincts of this assertion (Spector S. , p 34) its imperative, according to Spector, that practitioners scratch understand themselves. There seems to be a tremendous paradigm touch within the American medical fraternity.This shift has been apparently precipitated by the trends in migration and the immigration patterns. By any operable standards it appears arguably tenable that the fuse of the cultures has also contributed to the changing trends in Medicare. One of the key and outstanding aspects of the present medical system in the United States of America is that any practitioners have to ardently understand the myriads of the ethno cultures. To be able to understand the varied medical needs of the mixed cultures, two other cultures have to be identified for any feasible heritage assessment.The comparison is tidal as it does reveal the differences and similarities, if any, in the heritages of people with distinct backgrounds. Consequently, the analysis assists in the understanding of the different approaches to the maintenance of the varied heritage and their socialization prospects (Spector S. , p 16). The assessment also seeks to understand the acculturation process within the American system. In analyzing the heritage of the writer, the writer completed 29 questions that were knowing for the Heritage Assessment.The instructions on the Heritage assessment Tool were very explicit asserting that if the form of one identifying with their own culture was high, th ere would be a high number of the positives. The writer (Spector S. p 28) argues that after the family moved to a new place in the united states, despite the different socialization, she was assimilated, developing newer cultural identity. The writer argues that much as her culture and the heritage have determined her health and sustenance values, the time of growth have played a bigger role.The promotion of health would be support and promoted through a number of practices and routine activities. If the weather is very cold, anybody is expected to dress in a manner that is appropriate to ensure that the individual does non contract ailment related to cold. In addition, individual are expected to take part in the physical activities such as can stop their bodies physically healthy. Similarly, (Spector S. , p 23) the use of the right foods also assists in the promotion of good health. The food eaten assists in the reducing the likelihood of contracting certain ailments.The use of these foods is a practice that is developed over time. Clearly, this is where the heritage and the culture of any individual come in. This is indicative of the fact that the health promotion is a burden of a multifaceted practice. The medical fitness of any individual as result of a conglomerations of numerous aspects which will play a role in the restoration, the promotion and the subsequent prevention of any ailments. When the original individual was assessed, it emerged that the religious foods were inevitable in the diet of the respondent.Clearly, if the diet is balanced through the use of the religious foods, the health of the individual will be maintained. This appears common in believers who are staunch. The assessment of the second individual showed that the individual was religious and that for him, physical activities were inevitable. The individual asserted that the father had insisted that every day in the daybreak he does some drills before going to school. Besides, the individual indicated that his food was not tied to religion. Vividly, unlike the first individual, the accumulation of fats would be unconceivable with such traits.Perhaps for this family physical activity had been turned into a culture (Spector S. p 12). Consequently, this would promote the health of the individual. Professional heritage The writer has a strong bond towards the profession, not as a result of any family ties but as individual innate desires towards the profession. Having yearned to be a professional in the area, the writer makes all the efforts in ensuring that the profession is practical even in his home. He practices unlike recommended health tenets.Subsequently, this not only promotes his personal health, but it also does enhance the transmission of the same practices to both the patients and the neighborhood. Conclusion It can be adduced from the foregoing discussion that the medical wellbeing of any individual is not only dependent on the culture but also on the habits that are implanted in an individual by the environment. The environment will be inclusive of the family, the religious group and the community. The practice of the professional ethics and sobriety will also depend on the environment and the innate aptitudes.

Vestas in Russia

Vestas in Russia admission For my exam project in International Business Environment I wear chosen to rel calm vanquish about the Danish cooperate Vestas Wind Systems A/S (referred to as Vestas throughout the paper). Vestas is the worlds bountifulst producer of principal turbines and in addition to this it is overly the leading company when it comes to green technology regarding wind null . Vestas non only serves the Danish domestic foodstuff, precisely the company is in like manner present on several foreign markets in a nonher(prenominal) parts of Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and North and South America. With oer 22. 00 employees spread over 35 countries Vestas is categorized as macrocosm a multinational cooperation. As for the market of founding I abide chosen The Russian Federation (referred to as Russia throughout the paper). Vestas has not yet comeed the Russian market so my exam project leave alone be a hypothetical one. One could question why a b all(p renominal)-shaped actor like Vestas not already has entered a market with so humongous opportunities as Russia, but along with visions for corking profit comes the heartyity of great risks and challenges as rise. Russia is a abundant market for windmills taking the size of the uncouth and the climate debate into perspective.The country is the fourth largest consumer of electricity in the world , but lack of technology hinder Russia to produce it in a climate social counsel. The relevance of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol is at its steepest and Russia has expressed great testament to find sustain qualified solutions for its large electricity consumption. Companies capable of exploiting such market are in military post for massive gains. This is stock-still easier said than do. Denmark and Russia differ on several aspects of their countries structures and Danish companies planning on doing avocation in Russia wherefore carefully ca-ca to administer these difference s.In this paper I bequeath first suck up and motivate the ingress outline of Vestas by using John Dunnings OLI-framework . In this context I will present why more than(prenominal) right forms of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) are appropriate for Vestas when entering Russia. Furthermore I will analyze the differences between Vestas home market conditions in Denmark, and the conditions of the tar countenance market, Russia, regarding adjustments in the marketing liquefy. To illuminate this dent I will map E. Jerome McCarthys principle of the four Ps .Lastly I will summarize the above mentioned and discuss the outstrip internationalization strategy for Vestas. Vestas competitiveness In order to describe and motivate the entry strategy of Vestas I will scheme the returns based on John H. Dunnings OLI-framework. Although Vestas already has expanded into some different countries with regards to different culture, political systems and moving in systems it is not always d esirable to use the same entry strategy although the firm is the same in every case. O will force out reward Vestas competitive expediencyThe O in Dunnings OLI-framework of specific advantages deals with the Ownership advantage. To expand into new markets Vestas has to be in possession of something that gives the company an advantage compared to its competitors. Vestas has a clear self- train advantage first and beginning(a) in form of its technology and k outright-how. Denmark has exploited wind energy since 1850s with the purpose of making agriculture more efficient. In the beginning of the 1970s the oil crisis influenced Denmark as well, and to avoid another economic breakd experience the Danish government searched for an alternative energy industry.Vestas had already done R&D (Research and development) and tried out the aspect of windmills since 1971. However they first entered the market in 1979 with a licensed windmill. In the development of the required technology, al lowance from the government and research on RISO (The National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy) has had a vast signifi endurece for Vestas, channelise it to play the leading role it does today. Besides the support from the government, Denmark has a upliftedly skilled labor force, which of way also adds to Vests ownership advantage.Nevertheless as Lars Andersen (Managing Director of Vestas Sales) mentions, it is not only the technology and the skilled employees that give Vestas an ownership advantage However, it also has to do with our ability to deliver on time, the fact that things work from day one, and, in particular, the fact that we fulfill customers expectations for a good, reliable return on their investment funds. In other words, we are not simply exchange a wind turbine Vestas does not only manufacture and sell the wind turbines, it also provides installation and subsequent after-sales-service, which not many Russian competitors can match.Vestas is, in addition to th e above mentioned, a multinational company with more than 30 years of experience and is on that pointfore in a greater position than later emerged firms. Vestas is on top of this a world-known and respected brand with focus on lineament and is represented in 35 countries spread out all over the world. The company has the largest market piece of ground, 24,8% , of the global market, which again places Vestas in a favorable situation when it comes to taking advantage of for instance the experience curve. L Location advantageThe L in Dunnings OLI-framework deals with the location advantage. Saying there should be an advantage for Vestas for doing business in Russia as a location for export or more advanced forms of FDI. Russia is geographically an bulky country (covers over 17 million square miles) and includes areas with a very low population density. These areas assume great potential for windmill parks and the coastal areas of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans, the vast steppes an d the mountains are the areas of highest potential.On the other establish it would also be favorable to place the wind energy system in regions where there is an existing power infrastructure and major industrial consumers. Areas, which fulfill these requirements, are the steppes along the Volga River, the northern Caucasus Mountains and unhomogeneous locations in Siberia including the Chukotka Peninsula in the Magadan region . Chukotka Peninsula is especially to prefer, because of its already existing hydropower stations, which could be used to compensate for the executable intermittent wind power.Another location advantage for Vestas is the fact that the Russian population is the fourth largest consumer of electricity in the world. Hence there is a demand for Vestas products and in particular when taking the Russian will to trim back nursery emission into consideration. Russia is willing to play an active role regarding the improvement of the global heating problem. The countr y has already reached its commitment stated in the Kyoto-protocol, but the Russian president Dmitri Medvedev declares that Russia would try to reduce greenhouse emissions by 25% by 2020. The quotation signals a will from the government o find more sustainable solutions for production in Russia, and because Vestas does business to business and business to government commerce, it is of great importance with anticipation for government interest and support. In this setting it is worth mentioning that The Ministry of The Russian Federation has published The 2020 Energy dodge, which describes how to reach the new goal by prioritizing, among other things, ecological energy security through energy policy. In addition to the above-mentioned advantages of Russia as a location for Vestas working out come the possibilities of reducing the boilers suit production costs.As it is with just about emerging markets, like Russia, wages are lower than in more authentic markets like Denmark. Henc e by moving production to Russia Vestas would be able to compete on some(prenominal) quality and price, although their chief(prenominal) focus nigh likely would be on quality . The location advantage is even greater when taking into consideration that there are no real national or international competitive competitors settled in the market yet, and soly there is a possibility of a first mover advantage for Vestas as well.Notable is nevertheless also the risk for a first-mover disadvantage in terms of costs and risks when preparing the market for the new product. I Internationalization advantage If Vestas expanded into Russia it would strengthen its position of being No. 1 in Modern Energy, which was Vestas slogan before the recent reverse to Wind. It actor the world to us. Furthermore if Vestas gained the first mover advantage it would give the company operate over one of the worlds biggest markets. The internationalization advantage is gained in form of a proper entry rule .The chosen entry way of life is of great advantage if it is selected in accordance to Vestas now described ownership advantage and Russias location advantages. Vestas main ownership advantage is their know-how and technology while the location advantage of Russia in the first place are the vast market possibilities and the governments positive attitude towards renewable energy sources. What the Great Compromiser is, which type of entry mode that exploits both Vestas ownership advantage and Russias location advantage?Would licensing or export be the trounce-suited entry mode or should Vestas repel greater risks and do more advanced FDI? Vestas wants to keep their know-how, but by pursuing a licensing entry mode, spillovers will occur. Vestas would have little control over production, giving possibilities for competitors to emerge and quickly become as efficient as Vestas. Exporting is uncomplete a favorable entry for Vestas. The passage costs are extremely high, when it come s to the final products. Each erect of the windmill weights approximately 250 tons and therefrom not suited for export.Other obstacles for the export as an entry mode are the protectionist policies and Russian trade barriers as for instance high tariffs. Vestas would have to pay up to 20% tariff + an additional charge (Value Added Tax) of another 18%, making a total of 38% for exporting its products into Russia. Russia ranks 162 out of 183 countries on the list of ease to do cross border trading with. To compare, Denmark ranks 6 which means that the products produced expensively in Denmark becomes more expensive by being exported to Russia.This situation will of course change if Russia gets its membership in the WTO, but this is not yet achieved. To sum up Vestas needs to move in with plants in Russia and with more advanced FDI to protect its know-how asset and to stay competitive. thither are two options for this being either a givet fortuity or a wholly owned subsidiary. The m ost translucent solution would be the wholly owned subsidiary, where Vestas could protect its know-how by owning 100 % of the stocks. On the other hand there is a time perspective to consider as well.Siemens, one of Vestas German competitors, have belatedly announced plans on moving into the Russian market on a large scale . context up a wholly owned subsidiary as a green field endanger slays a raft of time and the alternative of an acquisition is not an option since Vestas has core values and does not want to take over existing operating routines and enterprise culture. Another aspect, which is authoritative to these considerations, is the fact that putridness and bureaucracy, which makes connections and personal relations very important for success, mark Russian business.Setting up a joint jeopardise with a topical anaesthetic firm solves this problem for Vestas, since Vestas would benefit from the partners country specific friendship of culture, language, political syst ems, business systems and local anaesthetic connections. A joint guess is at the same time a less risky (capital vise) and less time-demanding entry mode, than a wholly owned entry mode, which Vestas needs to take into considerations in order to prevent falling behind Siemens. The major disadvantage of choosing a joint venture is of course the risk of spillover, eading to future competitors. On the other hand it is manageable to construct the joint venture to minimize this risk. Vestas needs to engage in a joint venture where it owns the majority of the cooperation and thus is able to remain control. One mightiness argue that it would be difficult to find a company, which would accept to own minority of the joint venture, but interpreted the unexploited market into consideration, it should not be a huge problem. There are only a few local firms in the windmill industry in Russia.All of these would most likely be interested in boosting their profit (value creation) and it is not an unattractive offer to join the world leading windmill cooperate in a first mover attempt with sight of a significant future market share in the Russian market. The joint venture and expansion of Vestas would also have to be on a large scale to be able to see demand, establish a strong brand name and realize economies of scale. This would no matter what be an exemplification opportunity for any local producer in Russia, although they would have to accept Vestas owning the majority of the joint venture.Differences and adjustments There are several aspects where the Russian market conditions differ from the Danish market conditions. These are necessary to depend at in order to outline the needed adjustments for Vestas marketing mix. Differences in market conditions When comparing Russia and Denmark regarding the ease to do business in, it is very clear that there is a vast gap between the two. correspond to a survey by The World Bank, Denmark ranks 6 whereas Russia ranks 120 o ut of 183 countries (1 being the easiest country to do business in).I could thence point at several diverging market conditions, but because of limitations of this paper I have chosen to focus on the following four Infrastructure, climate, gross domestic product per capita and the level of corruption. One might argue that climate is not of great importance when speaking of market conditions, but in my faith it is a very significance factor in this case concerning the marketing mix, which I will cypher on in the following section. Infrastructure is important for Vestas when it comes to distribution of the companys products.When looking at infrastructure in Russia and Denmark the most noteworthy factor is distances and terrain. Russia is the largest country in the world covering 11 time zones and it does not entail deep analysis to conclude that it requires great coordinated logistic to arrive at a well functional infrastructure. This has for several of reasons not yet succeeded f or Russia and the countrys infrastructure is hence very fragmented. An uneven terrain with low population density and nature impediments as rivers and mountains has hindered buildings of proper roads and connections, which have a great influence on Vestas ease of doing business.Because of the enormous extent of Russia, the climate varies a lot from the coasts to the mid-country and from the west (Europe side) to the east (Asian side). The temperature fluctuates between the extremes of -65 C in the winters and +40C in the summers. The wind is an important factor to look at in this case as well, because Russia possesses areas with all degrees (categorized as Low, medium and high) of wind power. The climate differences is thus of great importance regarding Vestas product differentiation. Moving focus to the more economic orientated difference in market conditions is the gross domestic product per capita (PPP).Russias gross domestic product per capita is low compared to Denmarks. Accor ding to the ranking done by International Monetary Fond, Russia ranks 51 in credit line to Denmarks ranking as seventeenth . This means that Russian consumers, including the government and large enterprises, have less purchasing power compared to the Danish consumers. dwarfish purchasing power could be an obstacle for Vestas. If consumers dont have much money to spend, they would most likely not have the mental sur nonnegative to think of the environmental dimension by destroy fossil fuels.If generating electricity the cheapest and easiest means exploiting fossil fuels, this is what they will do. However higher purchasing power (higher gross domestic product per capita) results in the means to be able to prioritize such things as future global environment. facial expression at the energy produced in Russia, over 60% of the electricity generated is based on gas- and coal power whereas less than 1% of the electricity generated is based on renewable energy production . In contrast s tands Denmark, where wind power alone in 2008 generated 18,9% of the Danish electricity demand .The gain in GDP per capita in Russia was before the economic crisis, a cps 7-8% . This is promising for Vestas as a continuous high growth in GDP per capita means a more developed economy, higher purchasing power and therefore increased interest in products like the ones Vestas offers. The fourth difference I have chosen to outline is the high level of corruption in Russia. Russia ranks number 146, whereas Denmark ranks number 2 (1 being the less corrupt) in the Corruption Perceptions Index (2009) made by Transparency International.Vestas has no power to end corruption by itself, so instead it should focus on how to deal with it in business situations. Adjustments in marketing mix The four Ps I will use E. Jerome McCarthys principle of the four Ps Place, Product, Price and Promotion to analyze the needed adjustments for Vestas marketing mix. The four differences (infrastructure, climate, energy production and level of corruption) described in the previous section are all differences that affect these adjustments. The p concerning the place (distribution) deals with how to get the product to the consumer.It would be obvious to discuss adjustments to retail concentration, channel length, channel exclusivity and channel quality, but selling Vestas products is not like selling jeans or other regular consumer goods. There is no distribution channel, or at least it is very short, because Vestas sells directly to the customer, being government or large enterprises. However the undeveloped infrastructure, as outlined as a big difference between the Danish market conditions and the Russian market conditions, is of great importance for Vestas delivery to its customers.Vestas products require stable roads (due to heavy weight and size) and connections to the outdo set-up areas. The infrastructure is best around Moscow and St. Petersburg, due to big business, but this is not necessarily the best location for Vestas production. As mentioned before the best set-up areas are the vast steppes along the Volga River, the Caucasus Mountains and locations in Siberia. In Denmark Vestas can easily get around to all parts of the country, but Russias huge distances and the uneven terrain in many areas do acquire adjustments.Vestas carefully have to reconsider where to place the facilities of production to minimize transportation costs, and not to forget, maximize availability. This might require compromises in form of set-ups in best and less optimal wind areas. To do this Vestas has to deliver wind turbines that also are able to exploit the low winds and Vestas thus has to adjust its products to the Russian climate conditions. Other adjustments are necessary for the turbines to manage the before mentioned freezing winters with temperatures down to -65 C and the hot summers with temperatures up to +40C.The turbines should be able to function all year round to be attractive to customers. Vestas has to differentiate the turbines to match these standards compared to the standards in Denmark, where weather conditions dont differ as much. In other words, Vestas product differentiation is necessary to encounter pressure for local responsiveness and thus reach its customers. The customer segment that Vestas tries to reach is a narrow segment consisting of the government and maybe a few other large enterprises, which would be interested in promoting a green profile.The government and the large businesses would, as most customers, be concerned about price. To match Russias rank regarding the low GDP per capita, Vestas would have to make an adjustment in form of lower prices. Price is however not the main focus for Vestas . Quality and safety is their top priority, but of course they would be able to take advantage of the lower labor costs in Russia and thus lower the overall production costs. Vestas could however use strategic pricing in form of exp erience curve pricing to gain market share and relations to the large customers before competitors emerge.This could be rewarding because of the promising growth in Russias GDP per capita, which presents better future market conditions for Vestas products. Vestas should at the same time stress that setting up windmills is an investment that might require lots of capital as a starting point, but in the semipermanent perspective it would be worth it. Today Russia is self-sufficient in terms of energy . However the bring home the bacon of fossil fuels is diminishing and the demand for it is increasing. Investing in wind power would be a possible way for Russia to stay self-sufficient in the future.Left remains the question of how to communicate all this to Vestas customers? When choosing a procession strategy Vestas has to adjust its approach to the above described high level of corruption. One way of doing this is by having the right connections knowing the right people. As previous mentioned I would suggest Vestas to pursue an entry mode of a joint venture and thereby gain the advantage of local relationships, which could help Vestas to get around the bureaucracy. On the other hand it is of paramount importance that Vestas stay clean.If Vestas in any way gets associated with any form for corruption, it will have tremendous consequences not only for the domestic market, but also for the global market that Vestas operates in. In accordance to the entry mode I would suggest Vestas to practice a thrust strategy. It would be a waste of resources to communicate through mass media to vast private consumer segments, to which Vestas products have no interest. Vestas communication should be directly orientated at the small customer segment, previous outlined.Personal selling, exploiting the local partners ability to speak the local language, perhaps supported by additional informative products to be handed out and an enlightening webpage is the best way for Vestas to reach its potential customers. Vestas internationalization strategy In the last part of this paper I will sum up and describe the best internationalization strategy for Vestas when entering the Russian market. Throughout the paper I have concluded that now is a good time for Vestas to enter the Russian market, because of prospects for government interest and support and no real competitors settled in the market yet.Hence Vestas has an opportunity for a first-mover advantage, but only if they enter the market on a large scale. Entering on a large scale is associated with greater risks and costs, but taken the growth in GDP per capita and the decreasing amount of fossil fuels into considerations, it is most likely that Vestas in the long-term perspective will secure massive gains from having established the contacts and its own brand in an early phase.I have already argued that I find a joint venture the most appropriate form of entry mode for Vestas. Forming a joint venture with the right partner, a partner that has agreed to Vestas way of doing business e. g. no corruption, is the best way to remain in control, but still benefit from local knowledge, which is of great value because of the different market conditions compared to Denmark. Due to these different market conditions, Vestas also has to adjust its marketing mix.The most important adjustments would be Reconsideration of production locations concerning infrastructure impediments, product differentiation and the use of a push communication strategy with help from the chosen partners local advantages. There is no head about the difficulties a global actor faces. A company like Vestas carefully needs to consider every aspect of a business opportunity to prepare for an expansion into a new market.Vestas operates all over the world where it has to respond to pressures for local responsiveness and pressures for cost reductions. There is a pressure for local responsiveness in Russia due to the geography and the political system. The question is, if this pressure is low or high? I would categorize it as being in between. The pressure is not low since the expansion requires grand adjustments in the marketing mix, but the pressure is on the other hand neither as high as pressure for local responsiveness for e. g. lothes or cars. Concerning the pressure for cost reduction it is necessary to take a look at Vestas competitors in the Russian market. At the time being, there are not many, but as mentioned before Siemens is planning on moving in. In addition to this, many Asian competitors have emerged in China as well and might constitute future competition. I would therefore say that pressure for cost reduction in Russia at the time being is low, but in the near future this pressure will definitely increase due to the above explained.Vestas could enter with a location strategy or an international strategy, in accordance to the low pressure for local responsiveness, but if the company wants to prepare itself to face upcoming aggressive competitors it might be strategic rash to enter with a transnational strategy already at this point. Pursuing such strategy will as well benefit the information flow between Vestas subsidiaries and between the subsidiaries and the home country, which is necessary for sacramental manduction one of Vestas core competences know-how.If Vestas not only is able to take advantage of the outlined possibilities but at the same time adjust and respond to the described impediments, it has great opportunities to grasp large profits and at the same time remain competitive in perspective of the Russian market as well as the global market. References The paper is based on classes in International Business Environment plus the beneath listed Book Hill Charles WL, International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace, 8th edition